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In comparison to many European monarchies' regalia, the Dutch Regalia are relatively new, having been commissioned by King William II in 1840. An earlier, more modest set of regalia made of silver was commissioned by King William I in 1815.〔A.J.P.H. van Cruyningen, De inhuldiging van de Nederlandse vorst. Van Willem Frederik tot Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard (unpublished MA thesis, Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, 1989) 61.〕 The regalia of the Netherlands consist of the following: * the crown, symbolising the sovereignty of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which currently consists of the Netherlands in Western Europe and three overseas constituent countries in the Caribbean: Curaçao, Sint Maarten and Aruba. It also symbolises the dignity of the Sovereign as head of state. The crown was manufactured by the Amsterdam goldsmith Bonebakker. It is made of gilded silver, adourned with coloured stones and imitations of pearls.〔Van Cruyningen, 61–62.〕 * the sceptre, symbolising the reigning King or Queen’s authority; * the orb, symbolising the Sovereign territory; Both sceptre and orb were made by court jeweler Meijer from The Hague.〔Van Cruyningen, 62.〕 * the sword of state, standing for the Monarch's power; * the Gonfalon of State (''Rijksvaandel'' or ''Rijksbanier''), a banner of white moiré silk suspended from a gilded spear, painted with the coat of arms of the Netherlands as decreed on 24 August 1815, symbolising the nation. The arms of the Netherlands have changed since 1815, but the depiction on the gonfalon has not.〔Kl. Sierksma, ''Nederlands vlaggenboek. Vlaggen van Nederland, provincies en gemeenten'' (Utrecht/Antwerpen: Het Spectrum 1962, 17.〕 The artwork was by Batholomeüs Johannes van Hove.〔http://beeldbank.nationaalarchief.nl/na:col1:dat534445〕 All these objects, including the coronation mantle are only used at the enthronement of a King or Queen and have been given by Queen Juliana to the "Foundation Regalia of the House Orange Nassau".〔René Brus〕 The mantle is made of purple velvet and is trimmed with ermine. 83 lions, embroidered in gold, adorn the mantle. The mantle was first used in 1815 and has been redesigned several times to fit the various monarchs and reflect the changing fashions. The lions are old and were part of King William I'st mantle. Part of the fur has been renewed or replaced and in 1948 the velvet was in such a poor condition that the Swiss coutourier who was responsible for its adaptation had no choice but to replace in with a modern fabric.〔Kleren voor de elite. p.36〕 == Usage == Dutch monarchs have never been physically crowned. During royal inaugurations, the crown, sceptre and orb are displayed on a table in the Nieuwe Kerk in Amsterdam, where the inaugurations take place. The Gonfalon of State and Sword of State are carried in the royal procession from Dam Palace to the Church and are held on either side of the royal dais in the Church during the swearing in ceremony.〔Van Cruyningen, ''passim''.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Regalia of the Netherlands」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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